Role of ketones, ketogenic diets and intermittent fasting in ICU

Purpose of review To summarize the clinical evidence for beneficial effects ketones, ketogenic diets and intermittent fasting in critical illness, to potential mechanisms behind such effects. Recent findings demonstrates that activation a metabolic response may be recover from insults. Potential protective are, among others, ketogenesis damage removal by autophagy. Novel feeding strategies, including ketone supplements, regimens, can activate these pathways – at least partially critically ill patients. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying novel strategies as compared with standard care, are scarce have not shown consistent benefit. Yet, all RCTs were small underpowered endpoints. Moreover, studies, duration interval been too short develop sustained response. Summary These open perspectives further development fasting-mimicking diets. Ultimately, benefit should confirmed adequately powered clinically relevant, patient-centered